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BTS Table 1-11: U.S. Railway Rolling Stock 1960-1995   1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Light Rail 2,856 1,549 1,262 1,061 1,013 717 910 1,092 1,055 1,001 1,051 1,048 Heavy Rail 9,010 9,115 (R) 9,338 9,608 9,641 9,326 10,567 10,478 10,391 10,282 10,282 10,166 Trolley Bus 3,826 1,453 1,050 703 823 676 610 551 665 635 643 695 Commuter Rail and Locomotives U U U U 4,500 4,035 4,982 5,126 5,164 4,982 5,126 5,164 Demand Response U U U U U 14,490 16,471 17,879 20,695 23,527 28,729 29,352 Other U U U U U 867 (R) 1,176 (R) 1,568 (R) 1,821 (R) 2,268 (R) 2,462 2,809 Class I Freight 1,658,292 1,478,005 1,423,921 1,359,459 1,168,114 867,070 658,902 633,489 605,189 587,033 590,930 583,486 Class I Locomotive 29,031 27,780 27,077 27,846 28,094 22,548 18,835 18,344 18,004 18,161 18,505 18,812 Nonclass I Freight 32,104 37,164 29,787 29,407 102,161 111,086 103,527 97,492 90,064 88,513 86,120 84,724 Freight Companies Shippers 275,090 285,493 330,473 334,739 440,552 443,530 449,832 458,679 477,883 497,586 515,362 550,717 Amtrak Passenger Train U U U 1,913 2,128 1,854 1,863 1,786 1,796 1,853 1,852 1,722 Amtrak Locomotive U U U 355 419 291 318 316 336 360 338 313 KEY: U = Data Unavailable; R = Revised.

BTS Table 1-11: U.S. Railway Rolling Stock 1996-2007   1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Light Rail 1,114 1,078 1,076 1,180 1,327 1,371 1,448 1,482 1,622 1,645 1,801 1,810 Heavy Rail 10,243 10,228 10,296 10,362 10,311 10,718 10,849 10,754 10,858 11,110 11,052 11,222 Trolley Bus 675 655 646 657 652 600 616 672 597 615 609 559 Commuter Rail and Locomotives 5,240 5,426 5,536 5,550 5,498 5,572 5,724 5,959 6,228 6,392 6,403 6,391 Demand Response 30,804 32,509 29,646 31,884 33,080 34,661 34,699 35,954 37,078 41,958 43,509 64,865 Other (R) 2,996 (R) 3,807 (R) 4,706 (R) 5,076 (R) 5,360 (R) 5,792 (R) 5,581 (R) 6,141 (R) 6,406 7,080 8,741 13,877 Class I Freight 570,865 568,493 575,604 579,140 560,154 499,860 477,751 467,063 473,773 474,839 475,415 460,172 Class I Locomotive 19,269 19,684 20,261 20,256 20,028 19,745 20,506 20,774 22,015 22,779 23,732 24,143 Nonclass I Freight 87,364 116,108 121,659 126,762 132,448 125,470 130,590 124,580 120,169 120,195 120,688 120,463 Freight companies and shippers 582,344 585,818 618,404 662,934 688,194 688,806 691,329 687,337 693,978 717,211 750,404 805,074 Amtrak Passenger Train 1,730 1,728 1,962 1,992 1,894 2,084 2,896 1,623 1,211 1,186 1,191 1,164 Amtrak Locomotive 299 332 345 329 378 401 372 442 276 258 319 270 KEY: U = data are unavailable; R = revised.

BTS Table: 7 Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S. Mexican Border Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Arizona, Total NA NA NA NA NA 900 4,752 2,648 2,216 1,664 Douglas, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Lukeville, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Naco, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Nogales, AZ NA NA NA NA NA 900 4,752 2,648 2,216 1,664 Sasabe, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA San Luis, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA California, Total 1,941 6,134 5,579 6,378 7,591 9,581 5,522 7,204 4,154 2,072 Andrade, CA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Calexico, CA* 917 1,848 1,728 301 U U 9 U U U Calexico East, CA U U U 1,253 1,589 1,743 1,687 1,722 1,934 1,456 Otay Mesa/San Ysidro, CA 159 1,411 480 490 386 446 408 464 460 460 Tecate, CA 865 2,875 3,371 4,334 5,616 7,392 3,418 5,018 1,760 156 New Mexico, Total NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Columbus, NM NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Santa Teresa, NM NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Texas, Total 2,604 7,088 5,706 5,126 5,100 5,688 7,980 9,043 8,738 8,365 Brownsville, TX 2,156 2,089 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Del Rio, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eagle Pass, TX 286 4,720 5,336 5,016 5,060 5,288 5,792 6,704 6,872 6,496 El Paso, TX NA NA NA NA NA 360 2,188 2,337 1,866 1,869 Fabens, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Hidalgo, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Laredo, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Presidio, TX 162 279 370 110 40 NA NA 2 U U Progreso, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Rio Grande City, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Roma, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA U.S. - Mexico Border Total 4,545 13,222 11,285 11,504 12,691 16,169 18,254 18,895 15,108 12,101 Key: NA: Data not applicable U: Data are unavailable * Data for the port of Calexico are typically reported as a combined total with Calexico East. Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.

BTS Table: 7a Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S. Canadian Border Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Alaska, Total 25,008 18,767 23,068 22,323 30,580 28,166 35,253 33,753 29,754 44,430 Alcan, AK NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Dalton Cache, AK NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Skagway, AK 25,008 18,767 23,068 22,323 30,580 28,166 35,253 33,753 29,754 44,430 Idaho, Total 1,200 1,518 1,329 1,446 1,731 2,019 2,097 2,109 2,226 1,868 Eastport, ID 1,200 1,518 1,329 1,446 1,731 2,019 2,097 2,109 2,226 1,868 Porthill, ID NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Maine, Total 37,907 2,705 2,987 2,790 3,429 3,377 3,177 2,701 4,015 2,169 Bridgewater, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Calais, ME NA NA NA NA NA 120 480 284 26 NA Fort Fairfield, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Fort Kent, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Houlton, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Jackman, ME 3,286 804 1,433 1,304 1,770 1,665 1,230 920 1,823 670 Limestone, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Madawaska, ME 1,172 1,148 533 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Portland, ME (ferry crossing) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Van Buren, ME NA NA 408 832 779 803 835 793 1,353 923 Vanceboro, ME 33,449 753 613 654 880 789 632 704 813 576 Michigan, Total 38,250 35,866 43,790 47,495 53,268 52,127 53,721 R47,545 41,734 39,855 Algonac, MI NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Detroit, MI NA 1,950 12,234 11,938 12,255 11,528 11,792 R12,327 12,867 12,738 PortHuron, MI 36,904 32,687 28,973 33,412 39,846 39,288 40,633 33,130 26,815 25,485 Sault Ste. Marie, MI 1,346 1,229 2,583 2,145 1,167 1,311 1,296 2,088 2,052 1,632 Minnesota, Total 30,993 29,618 25,811 25,878 20,396 19,739 20,261 20,888 20,640 22,762 Baudette, MN 5,097 5,449 5,956 5,869 5,521 4,892 4,835 4,521 4,201 5,467 Grand Portage, MN NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA International Falls, MN 10,080 10,293 9,927 9,360 6,354 6,698 6,912 7,306 7,324 7,856 Noyes, MN 9,305 8,153 4,707 4,393 3,313 3,402 3,993 3,191 3,069 2,574 Pinecreek, MN NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Roseau, MN NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Warroad, MN 6,511 5,723 5,221 6,256 5,208 4,747 4,521 5,870 6,046 6,865 U.S. - Canada Border Total 278,130 226,796 213,596 249,106 245,933 249,172 269,502 R253,652 225,380 190,366 Key: U: Data unavailable NA: Data not applicable Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.

BTS Table: 7b Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S.Canadian Border Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Montana, Total 1,123 1,214 1,327 1,195 1,119 1,176 1,447 1,074 1,116 1,101 Del Bonita, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Morgan, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Opheim, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Piegan, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Raymond, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Roosville, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Scobey, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sweetgrass, MT 1,123 1,214 1,327 1,195 1,119 1,176 1,447 1,074 1,116 1,101 Turner, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Whitetail, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Whitlash, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA New York, Total 83,636 81,970 61,569 73,144 75,905 84,670 93,395 89,949 82,297 66,737 Alexandria Bay/Cape Vincent, NY NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Buffalo-Niagara, NY 45,898 46,152 31,857 37,924 45,651 48,196 53,603 53,337 47,315 37,240 Champlain-Rouse Pt., NY 31,816 33,111 27,686 33,424 28,483 34,806 38,459 35,257 33,738 28,325 Massena, NY NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ogdensburg, NY NA NA NA 86 NA NA NA NA NA NA Trout River/Fort Covington/Chateaugay, NY 5,922 2,707 2,026 1,710 1,771 1,668 1,333 1,355 1,244 1,172 U.S. - Canada Border Total 278,130 226,796 213,596 249,106 245,933 249,172 269,502 R253,652 225,380 190,366 Key: U: Data unavailable NA: Data not applicable Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.

BTS Table: 7c Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S. Canadian Border Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 North Dakota, Total 3,456 3,904 3,849 4,094 4,441 4,774 5,181 5,285 5,757 5,786 Ambrose, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Antler, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carbury, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Dunseith, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Fortuna, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Hannah, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Hansboro, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Maida, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Neche, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Noonan, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Northgate, ND NA NA NA NA 16 7 33 17 9 NA Pembina, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Portal, ND 3,456 3,904 3,849 4,094 4,425 4,767 5,148 5,268 5,748 5,786 Sarles, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sherwood, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA St. John, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Walhalla, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Westhope, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermont, Total 45,600 12,634 3,306 3,668 3,160 2,800 2,601 2,429 2,362 2,066 Beecher Falls, VT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Derby Line, VT 1,000 944 193 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Highgate Springs, VT 42,842 9,953 722 677 691 711 706 707 722 714 Norton, VT 810 1,119 1,211 1,385 1,210 1,273 1,111 955 1,123 777 Richford, VT 948 618 1,180 1,606 1,259 816 784 767 517 575 Washington, Total 10,957 38,600 46,560 67,073 51,904 50,324 52,369 47,919 65,233 48,022 Blaine, WA 4,115 31,943 40,293 60,777 45,310 43,040 46,343 43,136 60,521 43,515 Boundary, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Danville, WA 758 808 715 801 755 624 667 637 577 397 Ferry, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Frontier, WA 888 882 522 800 718 1,546 722 677 762 693 Laurier, WA 763 743 730 687 741 722 625 549 589 497 Lynden, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Metaline Falls, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Nighthawk, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Oroville, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Point Roberts, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sumas, WA 4,433 4,224 4,300 4,008 4,380 4,392 4,012 2,920 2,784 2,920 U.S. - Canada Border Total 278,130 226,796 213,596 249,106 245,933 249,172 269,502 R253,652 225,380 190,366 Key: U: Data unavailable NA: Data not applicable Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.

NATIONAL RAIL PASSENGER CORPORATION STATE STATISTICS Alabama 2007 | 2008 Arizona 2007 | 2008 Arkansas 2007 | 2008 California 2007 | 2008 Colorado 2007 | 2008 Connecticut 2007 | 2008 Delaware 2007 | 2008 Florida 2007 | 2008 Georgia 2007 | 2008 Idaho 2007 | 2008 Illinois 2007 | 2008 Indiana 2007 | 2008 Iowa 2007 | 2008 Kansas 2007 | 2008 Kentucky 2007 | 2008 Louisiana 2007 | 2008 Maine 2007 | 2008 Maryland 2007 | 2008 Massachusetts 2007 | 2008 Michigan 2007 | 2008 Minnesota 2007 | 2008 Mississippi 2007 | 2008 Missouri 2007 | 2008 Montana 2007 | 2008 Nebraska 2007 | 2008 Nevada 2007 | 2008 New Hampshire 2007 | 2008 New Jersey 2007 | 2008 New Mexico 2007 | 2008 New York 2007 | 2008 North Carolina 2007 | 2008 North Dakota 2007 | 2008 Ohio 2007 | 2008 Oklahoma 2007 | 2008 Oregon 2007 | 2008 Pennsylvania 2007 | 2008 Rhode Island 2007 | 2008 South Carolina 2007 | 2008 Tennessee 2007 | 2008 Texas 2007 | 2008 Utah 2007 | 2008 Vermont 2007 | 2008 Virginia 2007 | 2008 Washington 2007 | 2008 West Virginia 2007 | 2008 Wisconsin 2007 | 2008

2003 PRIVATE PASSENGER COACH STATISTICS Month October November December January Febuary March April May June July August September Total Moves 226 111 69 43 59 64 99 161 139 154 100 133 Total Miles 114,075 51,649 19,971 22,481 24,914 46,422 80,052 65,881 82,402 82,846 36,300 107,876 Total Revenue $141,361 $75,282 $27,554 $34,551 $35,846 $65,717 $113,247 $101,038 $115,877 $106,649 $53,638 $114,630 Total Moves: 1358 Total Miles: 724, 869 Total Revenue: $1,015,391

AMTRAK 25 BUSIEST 2008 STATIONS   Tickets From Tickets To Total Ridership New York 4,384,803 4,354,542 8,739,345 Washington, DC 2,258,113 2,231,842 4,489,955 Philadelphia, PA 1,984,998 1,983,280 3,968,278 Chicago, IL 1,548,101 1,556,050 3,104,151 Los Angeles, CA 787,707 794,657 1,582,364 Boston, MA 693,281 700,410 1,393,691 Sacramento, CA 578,957 567,351 1,146,308 Baltimore, MD 507,929 512,375 1,020,304 San Diego, CA 466,448 445,648 912,096 Albany-Rensselaer, NY 416,711 414,029 830,740 Wilmington, DE 364,071 367,468 731,539 New Haven, 352,130 353,328 705,458 Newark, NJ 341,619 337,660 679,279 Irvine, CA 334,958 334,447 669,405 BWI Airport, MD 320,175 324,465 644,640 Seattle, WA 313,669 303,398 617,067 Providence, RI 301,709 306,708 608,417 Portland, OR 297,858 300,775 598,633 Milwaukee, WI 284,233 280,776 565,009 Emeryville, CA 263,102 265,101 528,203 Harrisburg, PA 264,932 262,124 527,056 Lancaster, PA 242,241 241,861 484,102 Davis, CA 230,262 221,733 451,995 Trenton, NJ 225,547 225,543 543 451,090 Solana Beach, CA 231,251 216,830 448,081

TOTAL ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 2009   Counts Percent Change 2006 2007 2008 2009 2008- 2009 2006- 2009 01 RAILROADS REPORTING 712 720 733 734 0.1 3.1 02 TOTAL ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS 10,492 10,481 9,689 7,938 -18.1 -24.3 03 Fatalities 679 634 622 543 -12.7 -20.0 04 Nonfatal 6,692 7,193 6,754 5,539 -18.0 -17.2 05 TRAIN ACCIDENTS 2,269 2,045 1,904 1,378 -27.6 -39.3 06 Fatalities 1 4 25 3 -88.0 200.0 07 Nonfatal 144 133 303 81 -73.3 -43.8 08 Collisions 152 148 144 104 -27.8 -31.6 09 Derailments 1,651 1,492 1,378 979 -29.0 -40.7 10 Other 466 405 382 295 -22.8 -36.7 11 Track causes 792 721 647 477 -26.3 -39.8 12 Human factors 806 773 684 468 -31.6 -41.9 13 Equipment causes 268 250 264 188 -28.8 -29.9 14 Signal causes 41 33 38 35 -7.9 -14.6 15 Misc. causes 362 268 271 210 -22.5 -42.0 16 Yard accidents 1,192 1,068 1,058 736 -30.4 -38.3 17 HIGHWAY-RAIL INCS. 2,165 2,031 1,787 1,379 -22.8 -36.3 18 Fatalities 274 258 215 181 -15.8 -33.9 19 Nonfatal 763 756 688 504 -26.7 -33.9 20 OTHER INCIDENTS 6,058 6,405 5,998 5,181 -13.6 -14.5 21 Fatalities 404 372 382 359 -6.0 -11.1 22 Nonfatal 5,785 6,304 5,763 4,954 -14.0 -14.4 23 EMPLOYEE FATALITIES 10 10 20 13 -35.0 30.0 24 EMPLOYEE NONFATAL 4,107 4,059 3,798 3,262 -14.1 -20.6 25 TRESPASSER FATALITIES 390 348 357 339 -5.0 -13.1 26 TRESPASSER NONFATAL 376 316 329 260 -21.0 -30.9 NOTES: Total accidents/incidents rate is the total number of accidents/incidents reported times 1,000,000, divided by total train miles. Train accident rate is the number of train accidents times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles. Yard accident rate is the number of train accidents that occurred on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by the number of yard switching train miles. Other track rate is the number of accidents that did not occur on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles minus yard switching train miles. Highway-rail incident rate is the number of incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total number of train miles. Employee on duty rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal) times 200,000 divided by the number of employee hours worked. Trespasser rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal), excluding those associated with highway-rail incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total train miles.

ACCIDENT/INCIDENT RATE SUMMARY JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 2009 Type 2006 2007 2008 2009 Chg 2008 2009 Chg 2006 2009 Tot accidents/incidents 17.29 17.72 16.59 15.92 -4.04 -7.91 Train accidents 3.74 3.46 3.26 2.76 -15.2 -26.1 Yard accidents 17.75 13.69 13.56 11.84 -12.7 -33.3 Other track 2.00 1.90 1.67 1.47 -12.0 -26.3 Highway-rail incs. 3.57 3.43 3.06 2.77 -9.62 -22.5 Employee on duty 2.24 2.22 2.10 2.01 -4.25 -10.4 Trespassers 1.26 1.12 1.17 1.20 2.27 -4.81 Passengers on train 5.61 8.75 7.57 5.56 -26.6 -1.00 NOTES: Total accidents/incidents rate is the total number of accidents/incidents reported times 1,000,000, divided by total train miles. Train accident rate is the number of train accidents times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles. Yard accident rate is the number of train accidents that occurred on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by the number of yard switching train miles. Other track rate is the number of accidents that did not occur on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles minus yard switching train miles. Highway-rail incident rate is the number of incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total number of train miles. Employee on duty rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal) times 200,000 divided by the number of employee hours worked. Trespasser rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal), excluding those associated with highway-rail incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total train miles.

RAILWAY JOB PROSPECTS Projections data from the National Employment Matrix Occupational title SOC Code Employment, 2006 Projected employment, 2016 Change, 2006-16 Detailed statistics Number Percent Rail transportation occupations 53-4000 125,000 127,000 1,800 1 PDF zipped XLS Locomotive engineers and operators 53-4010 47,000 48,000 1,300 3 PDF zipped XLS Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 53-4021 25,000 22,000 -2,800 -11 PDF zipped XLS Railroad conductors and yardmasters 53-4031 40,000 44,000 3,600 9 PDF zipped XLS Subway and streetcar operators 53-4041 6,900 7,800 800 12 PDF zipped XLS Rail transportation workers, all other 53-4099 6,800 5,500 -1,300 -19 PDF zipped XLS     NOTE: Data in this table are rounded. See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter on Occupational Information Included in the Handbook. NOTE: Passenger rail service is anticipated to increase volume on pace with the growing population, as are public transit authorities. Employment of subway and streetcar operators will see average growth due to increased demand for light-rail transportation systems around the country. Job Prospects. Opportunities for rail transportation workers will be Favorable as a large number of older workers are expected to retire over the next decade. Other workers will leave the occupation for various personal and professional reasons, creating further opportunities. Prospects will be best for those positions that are also expected to see growth, for example locomotive engineers and conductors. There will also be job opportunities for those positions that are expected to decline, for example brake, signal, and switch operators. These openings will be the result of retirements and other separations. Entry-level occupations such as brake operator and conductor should be plentiful for applicants with clean drug and criminal records. Opportunities for long-distance train crews are also expected to be good as many of those working in the yards prefer not to travel long distances. Median hourly earnings of rail transportation occupations in May 2006 are indicated in the tabulation below. These earnings were relatively high, compared to $12.17 per hour for all transportation occupations. Locomotive engineers $27.88 Railroad conductors and yardmasters $26.70 Subway and streetcar operators $23.55 Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators $23.49 Most railroad transportation workers are paid according to miles traveled or hours worked, whichever leads to higher earnings. Factors such as seniority, job assignments, and location impact potential earnings. Seventy-four percent of railroad transportation workers are members of unions compared to 12 percent for all occupations. Many different railroad unions represent various crafts on the railroads. Among the largest of the railroad employee unions are the United Transportation Union and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. Many subway operators are members of the Amalgamated Transit Union, while others belong to the Transport Workers Union of North America. For the latest wage information: The above wage data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey program, unless otherwise noted. For the latest National, State, and local earnings data, visit the following pages: Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators Railroad conductors and yardmasters Subway and streetcar operators Rail transportation workers, all other

RESERVATION AND TRANSPORTATION TICKET AGENTS Projections data from the National Employment Matrix Occupational title SOC Code Employment, 2006 Projected employment, 2016 Change, 2006-16 Detailed statistics Number Percent Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 43-4181 165,000 167,000 1,800 1 PDF zipped XLS     NOTE: Data in this table are rounded. See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter on Occupational Information Included in the Handbook. NOTE: Employment of reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks is expected to show little or no growth during the projection period. Additionally, applicants for these jobs are likely to encounter keen competition. Employment Change. Employment of reservation and transportation ticket agents is expected grow only 1 percent from 2006 to 2016, reflecting "Little Or No Change To Employment" . Despite a growing and more mobile population who will likely travel more frequently, newer automated reservations and ticketing operations will speed transaction time and reduce the need for more workers to handle the expected higher volume of business. Most train stations and airports now have self-service ticket printing machines, or kiosks, which enable passengers to make reservations, purchase tickets, and check-in for train rides and flights themselves. Many passengers also are able to check travel times and fares, make reservations, purchase tickets, and check-in for most domestic flights on the Internet. Nevertheless, not all travel-related passenger services can be fully automated, primarily for safety and security reasons, and not all passengers use these automated services. As a result, job openings will continue to become available as increasing numbers of people travel more frequently. Additional growth will result to meet the travel needs of the growing retirement population, particularly in less traditional transportation centers, such as with boat or cruise operators or with companies who rent recreational vehicles. Job Prospects. Job applicants often Facing Competition for these jobs, because entry requirements are relatively low and benefits for those who like to travel, particularly on the airlines, are high. Applicants who have previous experience in the travel industry, in sales, or in customer service should have the best job prospects. Those who possess a pleasant personality and strong customer service skills also should have good job opportunities. Additional job opportunities will result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations, retire, or leave the labor force altogether. Employment in these occupations may fluctuate with the economy. During recessions, discretionary passenger travel often declines, and transportation service companies are less likely to hire new workers and may institute layoffs. Median annual earnings of reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks in May 2006 were $28,540. The middle 50 percent earned between $21,640 and $38,540. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $17,670, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $45,400. Many employers offer discounts on travel services to their employees. In May 2006, median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest number of agents were: Scheduled air transportation $32,850 Traveler accommodation $23,630 Travel arrangement and reservation services $22,630 For the latest wage information: The above wage data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey program, unless otherwise noted. For the latest National, State, and local earnings data, visit the following pages: Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks

Table: 1 POPULATION AND POPULATION DENSITIES Europe, Japan, and the United States Paris 8,548 827 10,300 Lyon 1,171 279 4,200 Tokyo 11,649 357 32,800 Osaka 2,648 98 27,100 London 6,900 621 11,100 Glasgow 763 61 12,447 New York 7,072 302 23,500 Washington 638 63 10,200 Chicago 3,005 228 13,174 Detroit 1,203 136 8,874 Los Angeles 2,967 468 6,400 San Diego 876 320 2,700 NOTE: Population Square population per City pairs (000s) miles square mile SOURCE: “Far East and Australia Statistics,” 1982, Europa Publications; “U.K.Statistical Yaarbook, 1981, by HMSO (Her Majesty’s Statistics Office); “Whittaker’s Almanac,” 1963; “1980 Census of Population,” U.S. Department of Commerce, PC80 Series, February 1982.

RAILROAD CLASIFICATION Class I Railroads: Account for 67% of the industry’s mileage, 90% of its employees, and 93% of its freight revenue. They operate in many states and concentrate largely (but not exclusively) on long-haul, high-density intercity traffic lanes. There are seven Class I railroads: BNSF, CSX, Grand Trunk Corporation (owned by Canadian National), Kansas City Southern, Norfolk Southern, Soo Line (owned by Canadian Pacific), and Union Pacific. Regional Railroads: Operate at least 350 miles and/or have revenue of between $40 million and the Class I threshold. There were 33 regional railroads in 2007. They typically operate 400 to 650 miles in two to four states and have 75 to 500 employees. Local Railroads: Operate less than 350 miles and earn less than $40 million per year; the vast majority operate fewer than 75 miles in a single state and earn less than $5 million per year. There were 324 local linehaul railroads in 2007. Switching and Terminal Railroads: Primarily provide switching and/or terminal services. Rather than point-to-point transportation, they usually perform pick up and delivery services within a specified area, or funnel traffic between other railroads. In 2007, there were 199 S&T railroads. The overwhelming majority of U.S. freight railroads are privately-owned and operate on tracks that are owned, built, and maintained by the railroads themselves. From 1980 to 2008, railroads re-invested some $440 billion of their own funds on locomotives, freight cars, tracks, bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure. Railroads have been re-investing record amounts back into their systems, and they are committed to continuing to make the substantial investments a first class rail system requires

RAILROADS: TRANSPORTATION BACKBONE OF AMERICA From one end of the country to the other, the United States is connected by the most efficient, affordable, and environmentally-responsible freight rail system in the world. The seven large “Class I” railroads, in conjunction with hundreds of smaller railroads, provide world-class rail service to towns and cities throughout the country. From the food on our tables to the cars we drive to the shoes on our children’s feet, freight railroads carry the things America depends on. All told, railroads account for 43 percent of intercity freight volume — more than any other mode of transportation. Nearly half of America’s electricity comes from coal, and 70 percent of coal is delivered by rail. Railroads also safely carry enormous amounts of chemicals, plastic resins, and fertilizers; cement, sand, and crushed stone; autos and auto parts; steel and other metal products; lumber; paper products; and much more. Intermodal — shipping containers and truck trailers moving on railroads — has been the fastest growing rail traffic segment over the past 20 years, and now accounts for nearly as much rail revenue as coal. Talk about taking trucks off the road! Saving America Money. Based on revenue per ton-mile (a surrogate for rail rates), average U.S. freight rail rates fell 49 percent from 1981 to 2008. This means the average shipper can ship two rail cars for about the same price it paid to move one 25 years ago. What other industry can make a claim like this? According to World Bank data, average U.S. freight rail rates are half those in China and Japan, and 50 to 75 percent below those in major European countries. Essential to a Greener, More Energy-Efficient Future These days, every industry is looking to “go green,” but America’s freight railroads have been “going green” for decades. In 2008, they moved a ton of freight an average of 457 miles per gallon of fuel (up from 436 miles in 2007). If just 10 percent of the longdistance freight that moves by truck moved by rail instead, fuel savings would exceed one billion gallons per year. Greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to fuel consumption. That means that moving freight by rail instead of truck reduces greenhouse gas emissions by twothirds or more — without negatively affecting the economy. Railroad Regulation: A Remarkable “Before and After” Story. Railroads were the first U.S. industry subject to widespread federal economic regulation. For nearly 100 years, Washington bureaucrats held a tight grip on rail operations. Largely because of excessive regulation, by the 1970s U.S. freight railroads were on the brink of ruin. Bankruptcies were common, service was poor, and tracks and equipment were falling apart because railroads couldn’t afford the cost of upkeep. Railroads could not provide the efficient, reliable transportation that America needed. In 1980, Congress wisely recognized the need for change and passed the Staggers Rail Act. Staggers ushered in a new era. Suddenly, railroads had the freedom to decide for themselves — rather than have Washington decide for them — what routes to use, what services to offer, and what prices to charge. The more balanced and reasonable regulatory environment created by Staggers has been a great success for rail shippers, railroads — and, most importantly — the public at large. Thanks to Staggers, railroad productivity has skyrocketed — and most of the resulting savings have been passed on to shippers in the form of sharply lower rail rates. Unlike trucks, barges, and airlines, U.S. freight railroads operate almost exclusively on tracks they build, maintain, and pay for themselves. From 1980 to 2008, railroads re-invested $440 billion back into their systems to create a safe, reliable system second to none in the world. Under Staggers, regulators retained authority to protect shippers against unreasonable railroad conduct. Regulators still have this authority today. This ensures that freight rail is fair and competitive, and that railroads are held accountable for their actions. In the Future, Having Enough Rail Capacity Will Be Key. America’s demand for safe, dependable freight transportation will skyrocket in the years ahead. Though freight railroads are already re-investing record amounts of their own funds back into their systems, they cannot keep up with this demand on their own. How can policymakers help ensure that America has the rail capacity it needs? By implementing targeted tax incentives for projects that revitalize and expand rail capacity; by forming more partnerships with railroads; and by maintaining the existing regulatory balance that protects shippers and consumers against anti-competitive railroad behavior while giving railroads the freedom to operate in the competitive marketplace. NOTE: Average Inflation-Adjusted U.S. Freight Railroad Rates Are Half What They Were in 1981 NOTE: Preliminary Source AAR: (Class I Revenue Per Ton-Mile, All Commodities) Railroad rates are down 49% since the Staggers Act restored reasonable balance to railroad regulation. NOTE: AAR Policy and Economics Department

CURRENT AND FORMER CLASS I RAILROADS North America Akron, Canton and Youngstown Alabama Great Southern Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Alabama and Vicksburg Alton Railroad Ann Arbor Railroad Arizona Eastern Arizona and New Mexico Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay Atlanta and West Point Atlantic City Atlantic Coast Line Atlantic and Danville Atlantic and St. Lawrence Auto-Train Corporation Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic Baltimore and Ohio Bangor and Aroostook Beaumont, Sour Lake and Western Bessemer and Lake Erie Bingham and Garfield BNSF Railway Boston and Maine Corporation Boston and Maine Buffalo, Rochester-Pittsburgh Buffalo and Susquehanna Burlington Northern Inc. Burlington Northern Burlington Northern-Santa Fe Burlington-Rock Island Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Cambria and Indiana Canadian National Canadian National in New England Canadian Northern Canadian Pacific Canadian Pacific in Maine Canadian Pacific Lines in Vermont Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Carolina and Northwestern Central of Georgia Central New England Central Railroad of New Jersey Central Railroad of Pennsylvania Central Vermont Charleston & Western Carolina Chesapeake and Ohio Chesapeake-Ohio of Indiana Chicago and Alton Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Chicago, Detroit-Canada Grand Trunk Jct Chicago & Eastern Illinois Chicago and Erie Chicago Great Western Chicago & Illinois Midland Chicago, Indiana & Southern Chicago, Indianapolis-Louisville Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Chicago, Milwaukee, St Paul-Pacific Chicago-North Western Transportation Chicago, Peoria & St Louis Chicago, Rock Island & Gulf Chicago, Rock Island-Pacific Chicago, St Paul, Minneapolis, Omaha Chicago Southern Chicago, Terre Haute-Southeastern Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Cincinnati, Indianapolis-Western Cincinnati, Lebanon & Northern Cincinnati, New Orleans-Texas Pacific Cincinnati Northern Cleveland, Akron & Cincinnati Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, St Louis Clinchfield Coal and Coke Colorado Midland Colorado Midland Colorado & Southern Colorado & Wyoming Columbus & Greenville Columbus & Greenville Consolidated Rail Corporation Copper River & Northwestern Cripple Creek-Colorado Springs CSX Transportation Cumberland Valley Cumberland Valley-Martinsburg Delaware & Hudson Company Delaware & Hudson Delaware & Hudson Delaware,Lackawanna-Western Denver, Northwestern-Pacific Denver & Rio Grande Denver-Rio Grande Western Denver & Salt Lake Denver & Salt Lake Railway Detroit,Grand Haven-Milwaukee Detroit & Mackinac Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Detroit& Toledo Shore Line Duluth & Iron Range Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Duluth, Missabe and Northern Duluth, South Shore-Atlantic Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific El Paso and Southwestern Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Erie Erie-Lackawanna Erie Lackawanna Evansville, Indianapolis-Terre Haute Evansville and Terre Haute Florence & Cripple Creek Florida East Coast Fonda, Johnstown-Gloversville Fort Smith and Western Fort Smith and Western Fort Worth and Denver Fort Worth-Denver City Fort Worth and Rio Grande Galveston, Harrisburg-San Antonio Georgia Georgia and Florida Georgia and Florida Georgia Southern-Florida Grand Canyon Grand Rapids and Indiana Grand Trunk Corporation Grand Trunk Western Grand Trunk Western Great Northern Green Bay and Western Gulf, Colorado-Santa Fe Gulf, Mobile and Northern Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Gulf and Ship Island Hocking Valley Houston East and West Texas Houston and Texas Central Illinois Central Illinois Central Gulf Illinois Terminal Company Illinois Terminal Indianapolis Southern International-Great Northern International-Great Northern International-Great Northern International Railway of Maine Iowa Central Kanawha and Michigan Kansas City, Mexico-Orient Kansas City, Mexico-Orient Kansas City, Mexico-Orient of Texas Kansas City Southern Kansas, Oklahoma-Gulf Lake Erie and Western Lake Shore-Michigan Southern Lake Superior and Ishpeming Lake Superior and Ishpeming Lehigh and Hudson River Lehigh and New England Lehigh Valley Litchfield and Madison Long Island Los Angeles-Salt Lake Louisiana and Arkansas Louisiana, Arkansas-Texas Louisiana Railway-Navigation Louisiana & Navigation of Texas Louisiana Western Louisville, Henderson-St Louis Louisville and Nashville Maine Central Maryland, Delaware-Virginia Michigan Central Michigan Interstate Midland Valley Mineral Range Minneapolis, Northfield-Southern Minneapolis and St Louis Minneapolis and St Louis Minneapolis, St Paul-Sault St Marie Minneapolis, St Paul-Sault St Marie Minnesota and International Mississippi Central Missouri and Arkansas Missouri-Illinois Missouri-Kansas-Texas Missouri, Kansas and Texas Missouri-Kansas-Texas of Texas Missouri, Kansas-Texas of Texas Missouri and North Arkansas Missouri and North Arkansas Missouri, Oklahoma-Gulf Missouri Pacific Missouri Pacific Mobile and Ohio Monon Railroad Monongahela Monongahela Montour Louisiana-Texas Steamship Co Nashville, Chattanooga-St Louis Nevada Northern New Jersey and New York New Orleans Great Northern New Orleans, Mobile-Chicago New Orleans-Northeastern New Orleans, Texas-Mexico New Orleans, Texas-Mexico New York Central New York Central-Hudson River New York, Chicago-St. Louis New York Connecting New York, New Haven-Hartford New York, Ontario-Western New York, Philadelphia-Norfolk New York, Susquehanna-Western Norfolk Southern Norfolk and Western Northern Alabama Northern Central Northern Pacific Northwestern Pacific Oahu Railway and Land Company Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka Oregon Electric Oregon Railroad and Navigation Oregon Shortline Oregon-Washington RR and Navigation Pacific Electric Panhandle and Santa Fe Pecos and Northern Texas Penn Central Transportation Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Company Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines Peoria and Eastern Pere Marquette Pere Marquette Perkiomen Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Philadelphia and Reading Piedmont and Northern Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago-St Louis Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern Pittsburgh and West Virginia Port Reading Quanah, Acme and Pacific Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City Reading Company Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Rutland Sacramento Northern St Joseph and Grand Island St Louis, Brownsville and Mexico St Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern St Louis-San Francisco St Louis, San Francisco & Texas St Louis Southwestern St Louis Southwestern of Texas San Antonio and Aransas Pass San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf San Diego and Arizona San Diego and Arizona Eastern San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Savannah and Atlanta Seaboard Air Line Seaboard Coast Line Seaboard System Seattle Northcoast & Pt Towsend Soo Line Southern Indiana Southern Kansas of Texas Southern Pacific Company Southern Pacific Transportation Co Southern Southern Railway in Mississippi Spokane and Inland Empire Spokane International Spokane, Portland and Seattle Staten Island Rapid Transit Sunset Syracuse, Binghamton and NY Tacoma Rail Tennessee Central Texarkana and Fort Smith Texas Mexican Texas and New Orleans Texas and Northern Texas and Pacific Toledo and Ohio Central Toledo, Peoria and Western Toledo, St Louis and Western Trinity and Brazos Valley Ulster and Delaware Union Pacific Utah Vandalia VIA Rail Canada Vicksburg, Shreveport-Pacific Virginia and Southwestern Virginian Wabash Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal Washington Southern West Jersey and Seashore Western of Alabama Western Maryland Western Pacific Wheeling and Lake Erie Wheeling and Lake Erie Wichita Falls and Northwestern Wichita Falls and Southern Wichita Valley Wisconsin Central Wisconsin Central Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad National Rail Passenger Corporation Kansas City Southern De Mexico Ferrocrril Mexicano-Ferromex CSX Corporation Note:Current Railroad

BTS Rail Profile Financial Class I: 1960-1998   1960 1970 1980 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total Operating Revenues* $9,514 $11,992 $28,370 $30,809 $32,280 $32,693 $33,118 $33,151 $33,521 Passenger $640 $421 $446 $94 $88 $89 $59 $60 $61 Freight $8,025 $10,922 $26,350 $27,471 $29,931 $31,356 $31,889 $32,322 $32,247 Other $849 $649 $1,462 $805 $790 $835 $745 $736 $843 Operating Expenses* $8,775 $11,478 $26,355 $24,652 $25,511 $27,897 $26,331 $27,291 $27,916 AMTRAK Total Revenue* N $162 $429 $1,308 $1,413 $1,490 $1,550 $1,669 $2,244 Total Expenses* N $301 $1,103 $2,012 $2,246 $2,257 $2,258 $2,359 $2,548 Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised. a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV. c Data for 2003 indicates operating revenues and expenses instead of total revenues and expenses, the data source has changed. f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation. NOTE Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues.

BTS Rail Profile Financial Class I: 1999-2006   1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006 Total Operating Revenues $33,521 $34,102 $34,576 $35,327 $36,639 $40,517 $46,118 $52,152 Passenger $61 $62 $62 $61 $62 $63 $65 $70 Freight $32,680 $33,083 $33,533 $34,110 $35,413 $39131 $44,457 $50,315 Other $780 $957 $981 $1,155 $1,164 $1323 $1,597 $1,767 Operating Expenses $28,011 $29,040 $29,164 $29,592 $31,440 $35,107 $37,843 $40,980 AMTRAK Total Revenue $2,011 $2,111 $2,109 $2,228 $1,994-R $1,865R $1,886 $2,042 Total Expenses $2,660 $2,876 $3,288 $3,224 $3,100-R $2,950R $2,940 $3,005 Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised. a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV. c Data for 2003 indicates operating revenues and expenses instead of total revenues and expenses, the data source has changed. NOTE Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues.

BTS Rail Profile Inventory Class I: 1960-1998   1960 1970 1990 1980 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total Vehicles 1,994,517R 1,811,258 1,738,921R 1,231,096R 1,210,917R 1,237,739R 1,259,842R 1,290,103R 1,335,928 Class I Freight Cars 1,658,292 1,423,921 1,168,114 658,902 590,930 583,486 570,865 568,493 575,604 Non-Class I Freight Cars 307,194 360,260 542,713 553,359 601,482 635,441 669,708 701,926 740,063 Locomotives 29,031 27,077 28,094 18,835 18,505 18,812 19,269 19,684 20,261 Total Companies 106 71 38 14 12 11 10 9 9 Total Employees 780,494 566,282 458,994 216,424 189,962 188,215 181,809 177,981 178,222 Total Railway Miles 207,334 196,479 164,822 119,758 109,332 108,264 105,779 102,128 100,570 AMTRAK Railcars N 1,569 2,128 1,863 1,852 1,722 1,730 1,728 1,962 Locomotives N 185 419 318 338 313 299 332 345 Total Employees N 1,500 21,416 24,000 25,049 23,646 23,278 23,555 24,528 Total Route Miles N N 24,000 24,000 25,000 24,000 25,000 25,000 22,000 Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, R = revised. a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV. f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation. NOTE Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 3 1970-80: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1990-2000: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2001-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p.77. 4 1970-90: Amtrak, Public Affairs, personal communication. 1994-1997: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1998-2005: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 5 1980-90: Amtrak, Route Miles by Railroad, Corp. Planning & Development. 1994-2001: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2002-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p. 77.

BTS Rail Profile Inventory Class I: 1999-2006   1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006 Total Vehicles 1,389,092-R 1,400,824-R 1,333,881-R 1,320,176-R 1,299,751-R 1,309,935-R 1,335,024 1,370,239 Class I Freight Cars 579,140 560,154 499,860 477,751 467,063 473,773 474,839 475,415 Non-Class I Freight Cars 789,696 820,642 814,276 821,919 811,917 814,147 837,406 871,092 Locomotives 20,256 20,028 19,745 20,506 20,771 22,015 22,779 23,732 Total Companies 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 Total Personnel 177,557 168,360 162,155 157,372 154,652 157,699 162,438 167,581 Total Railway Miles 99,430 99,250 97,817-R 100,125-R 99,126-R 97,662-R 95,830 94,614 AMTRAK Railcars 1,992 1,894 2,084 2,896 1,623 1,211 1,186 1,191 Locomotives 329 378 401 372 442 276 258 319 Total Personnel 25,291 25,624 27,316 22,649 20,905 20,938 19,234 18,659 Total Route Miles 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 22,675 22,256 22,007 21,708 Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, R = revised. a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV. NOTE Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 3 1970-80: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1990-2000: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2001-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p.77. 4 1970-90: Amtrak, Public Affairs, personal communication. 1994-1997: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1998-2005: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 5 1980-90: Amtrak, Route Miles by Railroad, Corp. Planning & Development. 1994-2001: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2002-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p. 77.

BTS Rail Profile Performance Class I 1960-1998   1960 1970 1990 1980 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Freight Car Mileage**-1 28,170,000 29,890,000 29,277,000 26,159,000 28,485,000 30,383,000 31,715,000 31,660,000 32,657,000 Freightr Train Mileage**-1 404,464 427,065 428,498 379,582 440,896 458,271 468,792 474,954 474,947 Total Locomotive Mileage**-6 N N 1,531,050 1,280,365 1,404,706 1,444,691 1,465,149 1,423,229 1,439,703 Freight  421,900 1,278,200 1,319,010 1,144,559 1,261,482 1,293,851 1,311,351 1,281,768 1,285,706 Train-Yard Switching N N 212,040 135,806 143,224 150,840 153,798 141,461 153,997 Freight Revenue Ton-Miles*-1 572,309 764,809 918,958 1,033,969 1,200,701 1,305,688 1,355,975 1,348,926 1,376,802 Freight Average Haul-Miles-1 461 515 616 726 817 843 842 851 835 Freuight Fuel Gallon*-Consumed-1 3,463 3,545 3,904 3,115 3,334 3,480 3,579 3,575 3,583 AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER VEHICLE                   Car 14,124 16,502 16,836 21,249 23,523 24,547 25,174 24,541 24,445 Locomotive N N 54,497 67,978 75,910 76,796 76,037 72,304 71,058 AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER GALLON                   Car 8.13 8.43 7.50 8.40 8.54 8.73 8.86 8.86 9.11 Train 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 AMTRAK                   Passenger train Car-Miles*-7 N 213 235 301 304 292 276 288 312 Passenger Train-Miles*-2 N 26 30 33 34 32 30 32 33 Passenger Locomotive-Miles*-2 N N 41 49 51 48 U U U Revenue Passengers* Carried-2 N 17 21 22 21 21 20 20 21 Revenue Passenger-Miles*-2 N 3,039 4,503 6,057 5,921 5,545 5,050 5,166 5,304 Average Passenger $-Fare-2 N 8.30 17.72 38.50 39.10 39.92 43.31 45.26 44.75 Average Passenger Revenue Cent-Mile-2 N 4.5 8.2 14.1 14.0 14.9 16.9 17.7 17.8 Average Passenger Trip Miles-2 N 182.6 217.0 273.0 279.3 267.9 256.3 255.7 251.4 LOCOMOTIVE FUEL CONSUMED-8                   Diesel Gallons* N N 64 82 75 66 71 75 75 Electric* kWh N N 254 330 309 304 293 282 275 Note; Data in Milloins*, Thousands** kWh = kilowatt-hour; N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available. f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation. NOTE Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 6 1980-2001: Association of American Railroads, Analysis of Class 1 Railroads (Washington, DC: Annual issues). 2002-04: Ibid., Railroad Ten-Year Trends (Washington, DC: 2005), pp. 119 and 121,personal communication, Feb. 16,2005. 7 1970-90: Amtrak, Train Information System Reports. 1994-99: Amtrak Corporate Reporting, Route Profitability System, Washington DC, personal communication, August 2001. 2000-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

BTS Rail Profile Performance Class I 1999-2006   1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006 Freight Car Mileage**-1 33,851,000 34,590,000 34,243,000 34,680,000 35,555,000 37,071,000 37,712,000 38,955,000 Freight Train Mileage**-1 490,442 504,001 499,546 499,668 515,999 534,696 547,566 562,607 Total Locomotive Mileage**-6 1,503,947 1,502,819 1,477,546 1,443,531 1,484,074 1,538,385 U U Freight  1,349,580 1,354,590 1,327,669 1,300,574 1,353,885 1,398,450 U U Train-Yard Switching 154,367 148,229 149,876 142,957 130,190 139,935 U U Freight Revenue Ton-Miles*-1 1,433,461 1,465,960 1,495,472 1,507,011 1,551,438 1,662,598 1,696,425 1,771,897 Average Freight haul-Miles-1 835 843 859 853 862 902 894 906 Freight Fuel-Gallons* Consumed-1 3,715 3,700 3,710 3,730 3,826 4,059 4,098 4,192 AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER VEHICLE                 Car 24,369 24,693 25,672 26,269 27,355 28,300 28,248 28,429 Locomotive 74,247 75,036 74,831 70,396 71,449 69,879 U U AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER GALLON                 Car 9.11 9.35 9.23 9.30 9.29 9.13 9.20 9.29 Train 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 AMTRAK                 Passenger Train Car Miles*-7 342 371 378 379 332 308 265 264 Passenger Train Miles*-2 34 35 36 38 37 37 36 36 Passenger Locomotive Miles*-2 U U U U U U U U Revenue* Passengers Carried-2 22 23 24 23 25 25 25 25 Revenue* Passenger-Miles-2 5,330 5,498 5,559 5,314 5,680 5,511 5,381 5,410 Average Passenger $-Fare-2- 46.85 49.61 51.58 56.05 57.78 56.81 58.29 65.43 Average Passenger Revenue Cent-Mile-2 18.9 20.3 21.8 24.5 25.0 26.0 27.16 29.69 Average Passenger Trip Miles-2 247.9 244.4 236.6 228.4 230.9 218.6 214.6 220.4 LOCOMOTIVE FUEL CONSUMED-8                 Diesel Gallons* 74 76 75 86 78 70 68 U Electric kWh* 283 350 377 593 666 648 500 U Note; Data in Milloins*, Thousands** kWh = kilowatt-hour; N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available. NOTE Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues. 2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 6 1980-2001: Association of American Railroads, Analysis of Class 1 Railroads (Washington, DC: Annual issues). 2002-04: Ibid., Railroad Ten-Year Trends (Washington, DC: 2005), pp. 119 and 121,personal communication, Feb. 16,2005. 7 1970-90: Amtrak, Train Information System Reports. 1994-99: Amtrak Corporate Reporting, Route Profitability System, Washington DC, personal communication, August 2001. 2000-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

BTS Rail Profile Safety-d,9 Class I: 1960-1998   1960 1970 1990 1980 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total Fatalities 2,345 2,331 1,424 1,300 1,226 1,146 1,039 1,063 1,008 Passengers On Trains 34 10 4 3 5 0 12 6 4 Personnel On Duty 215 179 97 40 31 34 33 37 27 Personnel Not On Duty N N 4 0 0 2 0 0 2 Trespassers 637 607 566 700 682 660 620 646 644 Nont-Trespassers 1,459 1,535 746 554 505 443 365 363 326 Contractor Personnel N N 7 3 3 7 9 11 5 Grade Crossing 1,421 1,440 772 698 615 579 488 461 431 Railroad-e 924 785 645 599 611 567 551 602 577 Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised. d Safety figures from U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration are for all railroads. e Figures may not appear directly in data source. f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation. NOTE: Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 9 1960-80: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Systems Support Division, RRS-22, personal communication. 1990-94: Ibid., Accident / Incident Bulletin(Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 7 and 9. 1995-2005: Ibid., Interim Railroad Safety Statistics, Annual Report 2005 (Washington, DC: 2005), table 1-3, and similar tables in earlier editions. 2006: Ibid, Office of Safety Analysis, table 4.08, at:FRA Safety Data as of Dec. 12, 2007.

BTS Rail Profile Safety Class-d,9 I: 1999-2006   1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006 Total Fatalities 932 937 971 951 868-R 895-R 887 910 Passengers On Trains 14 4 3 7 3 3 16 2 Personnel On Duty 31 24 22 20 19 25 25 16 Personnel Not On Duty 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Trespassers 570 570 673 646 634 621-R 600 665 Non-Trespassers 305 335-R 269 267-R 206-R 242-R 241 220 Contractor Personnel 12 3 4 10 5 4 5 7 Grade Crossing 402 425 421 357 334 372-R 358 369 Railroad-e 530 512 550 594 534-R 523-R 529 541 Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised. d Safety figures from U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration are for all railroads. e Figures may not appear directly in data source. NOTE: Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30). SOURCES 9 1960-80: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Systems Support Division, RRS-22, personal communication. 1990-94: Ibid., Accident / Incident Bulletin(Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 7 and 9. 1995-2005: Ibid., Interim Railroad Safety Statistics, Annual Report 2005 (Washington, DC: 2005), table 1-3, and similar tables in earlier editions. 2006: Ibid, Office of Safety Analysis, table 4.08, at:FRA Safety Data as of Dec. 12, 2007.

NORTH AMERICAN FREIGHT CARS IN SERVICES January 1, 2007   Total All Owners Railroads Class I Railroads Other Car Companies & Shippers Canada 183,593 146,547 6,268 30,778 Mexico 33,650 22,280 5,552 5,818 United States 1,346,507 475,415 120,688 750,404 Totals 1,563,750 644,242 132,508 787,000 NOTE: * For Canada and Mexico, "Class I" railroads exceed the revenue threshold and would be Class I railroads if they were U.S. railroads. Canadian-owned U.S. railroads are included in the Canadian figures. Some railroads may possess additional freight cars that are unregistered. Copyright © 2008, Association of American Railroads.

TABLE 3-4-2: AMTRAK FLEET AGE OF LOCOMOTIVES-COACHES FISCAL YEARS: 1995–2007 Years Locomotives Passenger Cars And Other Rolling Stock 1995 13.9 21.8 1996 14.4 20.7 1997 12.0 19.8 1998 12.6 21.1 1999 12.8 22.2 2000 11.2 19.4 2001 13.9 18.5 2002 13.7 20.4 2003 14.8 21.4 2004 15.7 22.4 2005 16.4 23.3 2006 17.5 22.5 2007 18.5 22.2 NOTE: Roadrailers are not considered rolling stock for the purpose of these calculations. SOURCE: National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), personal communication as of August 2008 as reported in U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,National Transportation Statistics, table 1-30, available as of October 2008.

BTS TABLE: 1-7 STATIONS SERVED BY AMTRAK AND RAIL TRANSIT Fiscal Year: 1984-1995 Year 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Amtrak 510 503 491 487 498 504 516 523 524 535 540 530 Rail Transit 1,822 1,895 1,920 2,164 2,027 2,143 2,169 2,192 2,240 2,286 2,376 2,282 NOTE: U = data are not available. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database 2006 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 21 and similar tables in earlier editions. Rail transit is the sum of commuter rail, heavy rail, and light rail. In several large urban areas, Amtrak and commuter rail stations are shared. Starting in 2001 stations serving the Alaska Railroad are included in the rail transit total. Rail transit data for 2002 and later years include service both directly operated and purchased. Prior to 2002, data only include directly operated service. NOTE: 1984-2002: Amtrak, Amtrak Annual Report , Statistical Appendix (Washington, DC: Annual issues). 2003-04: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Nov. 11, 2005. 2005: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Mar. 22, 2006.

BTS TABLE: 1-7 STATIONS SERVED BY AMTRAK AND RAIL TRANSIT Fiscal Year: 1996-2007 Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Amtrak 542 516 508 510 515 512 515 526 526 527 505 518 Rail Transit 2,325 2,391 2,524 2,567 2,595 2,621 2,784 2797 2,909 2,936 2,975 U NOTE: U = data are not available. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database 2006 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 21 and similar tables in earlier editions. Rail transit is the sum of commuter rail, heavy rail, and light rail. In several large urban areas, Amtrak and commuter rail stations are shared. Starting in 2001 stations serving the Alaska Railroad are included in the rail transit total. Rail transit data for 2002 and later years include service both directly operated and purchased. Prior to 2002, data only include directly operated service. NOTE: 1984-2002: Amtrak, Amtrak Annual Report , Statistical Appendix (Washington, DC: Annual issues). 2003-04: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Nov. 11, 2005. 2005: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Mar. 22, 2006.

WORLDWIDE PAID VACATIONS Italy 42 days France 37 days Germany 35 days Brazil 34 days United Kingdom 28 days Canada 26 days Korea 25 days Japan 25 days U.S 13 days NOTE: Countries and the average number of paid vacation days per year.

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